Sunday, April 28, 2024

Outdoor Cat Shelter Options Insulated & Heated Feral Cat House Ideas

outside cat house

Ninnemann helped us better understand the ideal sizing of cat houses. Although the Feralvilla Outdoor Cat Shelter II requires more assembly than all but our DIY recommendation, its unique two-level design makes it one of the best cat houses you can buy. After entering via one of two doors on the ground floor, a cat will pass through a wind-breaking baffle. Then, they can hop up through an opening to a completely protected, cozy upper level that's 20 inches wide and deep and 12 inches tall. Cats are susceptible to frostbite and hypothermia the same way humans are. While some cats do well outside as long as they have protection from wind and precipitation, even a heated cat house may not be enough to keep them warm in more severe conditions.

What Is a Feral Cat Shelter and How Can It Benefit Your Neighborhood? - Family Handyman

What Is a Feral Cat Shelter and How Can It Benefit Your Neighborhood?.

Posted: Wed, 20 Dec 2023 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Catio Spaces!

Our favorite outdoor cat house is the Petsfit Cat House, with its weather-resistant, sturdy, and attractive triangular design. If you’re looking to house multiple cats, check out the Rockever Luxury Two Story Outdoor Cat Shelter with Escape Door Rainproof Outside Kitty House instead. For consumers looking for extra protection against predators and the elements, the hyper-fortified Kitty Tube may be worth the steeper price tag.

Fit-to-Size Cat Shelter

If it’s a stray, it will lose its fear of humans and come up to you looking for food. A better approach includes TNR and the involvement of one or more caregivers. Spayed or neutered cats are healthier because they no longer fight over mates or expend resources on making and caring for kittens, and their nuisance behaviors are greatly reduced or eliminated. Caregivers provide food, water, and shelter and watch over the cats’ health and well-being. HumanePro is our dynamic, comprehensive online resource for those in the trenches of animal care.

How we selected the best outdoor cat houses

The best outdoor cat houses can keep felines warm and dry in the worst conditions. During the winter, cats that live or play outside face freezing temperatures, snow, sleet, rain, and wind. These weather conditions can be dangerous since cats are susceptible to frostbite and hypothermia.

Predator Protection

outside cat house

For this story, our Good Housekeeping Institute pet product experts consulted veterinarian Megan Conrad, M.B.B.S., who works for Wellhaven Pet Health outside of Portland, Oregon. She shared her thoughts on the features that are worth paying extra for, including an escape door and high perches. "Mostly, an outdoor cat house should be resistant to heat and cold and should provide adequate shelter from the elements," Conrad says. This cat house from Clawsable is elevated up off the ground by six inches to keep the interior as free as possible from the ground's moisture and cold. The waterproof cover is made from Oxford cloth that is removable and machine washable. This house is highly insulated with inserts covered in aluminum foil to help keep your outdoor cats warm and cozy during colder weather.

Where's the best place to put an outdoor cat house?

This outdoor and feral cat house is easy to assemble, so you can put a roof over your furry friend’s head in no time at all. Inside is a heated bed which is designed to keep your kitty warm, no matter what the weather is like outdoors. This variation on the plastic tote cat house uses housing insulation to keep the outdoor kitties warm. This makes it slightly more expensive to construct than similar projects. However, this project is easy for anyone to accomplish and requires only simple tools.

DIY “Smart” Outdoor Cat House

The Frisco Outdoor Wooden Cat House With Retractable Roof is a simple cat house. Therefore, it’s great for those who just want something simple and straightforward. It works, but it isn’t going to blow you away with any fancy features. It’s made from treated wood that’s designed to stand up to outdoor conditions.

How to build a feral cat shelter from a plastic storage tote Raleigh - Raleigh News & Observer

How to build a feral cat shelter from a plastic storage tote Raleigh.

Posted: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Stephen Quandt is a certified feline training and behavior specialist with over 20 years of experience. He consults for organizations like the Southampton Animal Shelter Foundation, Ready For Rescue, and the Animal Care Centers of NYC. Quandt helped us understand what makes a cat house ideal for hot weather and how to keep cat houses of all kinds clean. With Rubbermaid's Brute 14 and 20 gallon totes, you can make an outdoor cat shelter that is affordable, waterproof, and easy to maintain. If you're setting up a shelter for feral or community cats, it's also important to remember that they may not want to bed down together. Ninnemann recommends setting up multiple houses instead of one large house if you think more than one cat in the neighborhood may use it.

Houses with a covered porch are especially ideal, since the porch will have the most ventilation of any part of a cat house, he says. The K&H Pet Products Heated Kitty House is just large enough for two cats to snuggle up together. The shelter consists of lightweight vinyl-backed nylon and has a removable zippered roof with overhanging eaves. Its awning, protected by asphalt, is a perfect shield against heavy snowfall. Unfortunately, it is not easy to help your cat lose weight, and it is preferable to prevent your cat from getting fat in the first place. Cats can quickly develop fatty liver disease if you try to make them lose weight too fast.

The house’s interior dimensions are 18 by 17 inches, with 20 inches of height, providing enough space for one or two cats inside. We hope you have enjoyed reading this guide, using our cat weight chart and learned whether or not your cat is in a healthy weight range. Most modern house cats are suffering from obesity, and we need to get this serious problem under control.

Cat-wildlife conflicts can be humanely resolved by implementing and sustaining effective TNR programs. The ultimate goal of TNR programs is to dramatically and humanely reduce the number of cats outdoors, which is better for the cats, wildlife and the public. To prevent outdoor cats from stalking your bird feeder, check out these tips.

The interior, including the floor, is protected by foam insulation and comes with wheat straw to add up to two more layers of insulating bedding. The house has a slightly elevated door with an awning to prevent water from entering. You have several options for sheltering outdoor cats and feral cats in extreme weather. Ideally, you can offer cats access to a garage, barn, or shed that won't become soggy in the elements. If the building has electricity, setting up a heated bed or heated cat house will help keep outdoor kitties warm. If you don't have a space to welcome cold cats, set up a pre-made cat house or build your own with material that won't leak.

If you need a heated house, the K&H Pet Products Outdoor Heated Kitty House is ideal. It is a bit expensive, but since it’s heated, it’s worth the extra cost. First, your cat should always have an escape route in case a predator or another cat shows up. The last thing you want is for a predator to be blocking the only doorway and your cat to be stuck inside. Their natural instinct is to choose hiding places with multiple entrances, just in case a foe shows up. Therefore, many cats won’t use a house if it only has a single door.

For added peace of mind, you can rest assured that these houses have been certified to USA/CA electrical safety standards. All cats love to have shelter away from adverse weather conditions and other animals who may be out there. You may wonder why you would want to buy your cat their own home rather than just letting them come inside. A cat home gives them a place to call their own away from the potential stresses outdoors. Alternatively, you may have feral cats in your area, and you want to give them a place to shelter.

She puts pieces of Styrofoam in between the floors of the two bins, then lines the sides with Mylar sheets and stuffs them as full as possible with moisture- and mildew-resistant straw. Some complain that the pre-drilled holes are not always in the right place, requiring some new drill work. Per the brand, this house can also be used for pet rabbits or small dogs.

Custom Dog House & Outside Cat House Customize with AC Heat More!

outside cat house

It doesn’t get much cuter than the Frisco Outdoor Wooden A-Frame Cat House. However, you are paying for this design, as it is more expensive than many other houses while also being smaller. It will only hold one feline, and it likely won’t provide tons of protection.

This Heated Cat House Will Keep Outdoor Kitties Warm Through Freezing Temperatures - BestProducts.com

This Heated Cat House Will Keep Outdoor Kitties Warm Through Freezing Temperatures.

Posted: Wed, 22 Sep 2021 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Best Outdoor Cat House Buying Guide

The Rockever Outdoor Cat Shelter is available in gray, blue, or wine red (each version features white trim).

outside cat house

How we selected the best outdoor cat houses

All of our dog houses are custom made, and offer options to provide a climate controlled comfortable environment for your dog. Catio Plan purchasers are directed to Catio Spaces’ website, specifically the DIY catio plan page. Catio blogs on the Catio Spaces website include links to DIY catio plan web page and mention 10% is donated to animal welfare organizations. The purchaser enters the affiliate’s promo code during the checkout process. As for the unique door design, it allows your cat to enter, while still offering protection from predators. As well as being made from recycled post-consumer content, it is also designed to never chip, crack or fade.

Catio Spaces!

Larger homes are tougher to heat and can also end up encouraging other animals to enter. Of course, if you are looking to provide a place for multiple cats, you will need something bigger. Ultimately, it is worth getting a tape measure to compare your cat’s size to the dimensions of the house. In fact, it should last for a period of at least three years if it is kept outdoors. Ultimately, this is the kind of product that your outdoor cat will love, and it will also look stylish in your garden too.

The Kitty Tube Cat House

Cats love to eat, so if your cat is too thin despite proper feeding, it could be a sign that your cat has a health condition that might need attention from a vet. Dental problems, intestinal parasites, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and even bad food can all be the reason your cat is losing weight unexpectedly. There are no easy answers to the issue of cat predation on wildlife. However, removing cats only results in a temporary reduction in the cats’ numbers, essentially putting a bandage on the problem and further distance from real solutions.

The hip bones will be padded but contoured and visible, creating a slight waist for the cat when looking down on it from above. Cats in this weight range will live the longest, but it takes the most effort from pet owners to achieve. Community cats produce around 80% of the kittens born in the U.S. each year. Many people don’t go looking for a cat to adopt—the cat finds them. Before you adopt a seemingly homeless cat, think about what you’d want someone to do if they happened to find your pet cat or a community cat you’ve been feeding. So follow the steps outlined here before you take in a cat and call them yours.

Corokitty Shelter

Elizabeth lives in Iowa with her family, including her two fur kids, Linnard, a husky mix and Algernon, the worldʻs most patient cat. When not writing, she enjoys reading, watching all sports but especially soccer, and spending time outdoors with her family. The triangular frame does allow the house to stand up to the weather.

But according to Quandt, one cat typically needs around four to six square feet of space. "For reference, the area of a medium-sized dog crate per cat is about right," he says. Your cats should have enough space to stand up and turn around, but not enough room to let their body heat escape. Keep in mind, too, that the smaller the house, the better it can retain heat. Dr. Stephanie Ninnemann is a veterinarian at VCA Spring Creek Animal Hospital in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. She is passionate about veterinary education in the community and hosts a weekly radio show on the topic at KJAX 93.5.

Another crucial element for the safety of outdoor cats is a secondary escape door, so that a cat can’t be cornered in the house by a dog or other predator. The escape door on the Petsfit Outdoor Cat House has a clear plastic panel so that cats can feel fully aware of their surroundings. Outdoor cats, often called feral cats or community cats, are domestic cats who live outdoors and without a clear owner. This outdoor cat shelter offers both comfort and protection from bad weather conditions.

He consulted with Vicky Halls of International Cat Care—an expert in cat-friendly homing—to learn the best methods for housing outdoor cats. The right outdoor cat house can improve a cat's safety and health by providing a comfortable place for them to rest and feel secure. Approximately 71% of the estimated 80 million pet cats in the U.S. are kept indoors, and more owners are realizing that their cats are safer and can lead happy lives indoors.

"The big benefit of the bin outdoor shelter style is that it's waterproof," Phillips says. "It takes time and cost and muscle to put together, but it's easy to maintain. You just lift off the lid and stuff a bunch of new straw in." Petsfit's two-level cat house features a shady porch where cats can take refuge from the heat. The Good Housekeeping Institute reviews pet products of all kinds, from pet cameras to help you keep an eye on your furry friends to the best cat trees for indoor cats.

Many are made of anti-rot wood with the assumption that they will need to withstand a lot of rain and/or snow. Others are made from simple fabrics, which make them suitable for indoor use, and outdoors if they are under a shelter like a porch. Obviously, everything comes down to where you plan on putting the cat house.

Finally, after all the snow this winter, Fergus can "move in" to his new dog house. He says many thanks, and is going to really enjoy the outdoor comfort. Since 1990, Alley Cat Allies has led the movement to protect and improve the lives of ALL cats.

Sell your house fast with HomeLight Simple Sale®

sell my house fast

A good way to get a better feel for pricing in the current market is to conduct your own research. As of August 2022, the median sold price of a single family home in the Los Angeles metropolitan area is $765,000. Less houses are facing foreclosure due to the market appreciation seen across the country, especially in 2021.

expert tips to sell a home fast in Los Angeles

Before deciding to sell your house, you need to understand some real estate basics and how they impact you in the Los Angeles area. When you list your property with us, you don’t pay any fees to Sundae as the seller. Please note that a seller may be responsible for other fees such as HOA fees, paying off the remainder of their mortgage, liens, or other similar circumstances. Braden Chandler, the owner of L&L Property Solutions, notes that two of the biggest advantages of selling your house fast are convenience and speed. Nashville is followed by Omaha, Salt Lake City, Cincinnati, Birmingham, Charlotte, Denver, Las Vegas, and San Francisco.

How to Sell Your House Fast Without Losing Your Shirt

For the certainty of cash, sellers who need to sell a home fast often work with companies that buy houses for cash. Here’s a run-down of the five most common types of companies that buy homes for cash. While selling a home to a cash buyer will likely not bring in top dollar, it will give you top speed, convenience, and simplicity, which may be the solution set you need.

sell my house fast

Selling your house quickly with a good price

If you let the selling process proceed in a normal timeline, your property could attract more home buyer candidates. Some sellers might be uncomfortable with strangers wandering around their homes during open houses, but hosting an open house gives every buyer that’s interested in your property the opportunity to view it. Thanks to the increase in online access to home listings, Lee and her colleagues focus on digital marketing. Real estate agents use tools like 3D real estate tours and social media marketing to garner interest. Once your listing is marketed across the web, you can then impress your audience with an open house. Research shows that the best day to post your listing to sell quickly is Thursday.

sell my house fast

Britt is a Chicago-based writer who loves writing articles that help people find and move into great homes. She believes that together we can make the world a better place, and it starts with written communication. Sure, it usually takes an investment of time and money to avoid these mistakes.

Connect with an agent

Sell Your Home Fast In Atlanta, GA - Bankrate.com

Sell Your Home Fast In Atlanta, GA.

Posted: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Referrals go a long way in the real estate business, so ask family and friends or your social media contacts if they have worked with a good agent in your area. Realtors in Los Angeles have the expertise to sell your property fast. They help you conduct showings, negotiate offers, and complete all the paperwork until closing.

Other times, the incentive is for the buyer who might score a refrigerator or other furniture for acting fast. If you’re looking to sell your home as quickly as possible, going with an iBuyer, or instant buyer, could be a good choice. IBuyers are technology-driven companies that purchase homes directly from buyers.

Your goal should be to minimize the days on the market without losing thousands in your hard-earned equity. This makes it important for sellers to highlight parks, coffee shops, and local restaurants in the neighborhood. Proximity to other services can also play a role in selling your home. Highlight if you’re near an airport for frequent travelers or close to big offices for those who are commuting to work. If you’re in a great LA area school district, point that out for families.

The Do’s and Don’ts of Selling Your House Fast

You can sell your house for cash in a matter of days or weeks as opposed to months, so a cash offer is a great option if you’re really looking to sell quickly. HomeVestors® franchisees are the cash home buyers who will let you skip the stress and uncertainty of selling your house in the traditional way. We buy ugly homes so that sellers can enjoy both the time they save and the convenience of us purchasing their house “as is” for cash. Since 1996, we’ve purchased over 140,000 houses the same way—in person.

Choose a closing date based on your timeline with an average of 22 offers. You can sell your house fast for cash or through more traditional real estate methods — you just have to be smart about it. Here are nine tips to sell your house fast with advice from industry experts. But even if a tax burden does not loom over you, you still need to consider the cost of moving into your new home. If you plan to buy a house instead of moving back into a rental property, as most home sellers do, you may find yourself in a high-intensity market where you need to make offers quickly.

A clean house is attractive to buyers because they see it as a blank canvas that they can make their own. Give your house a deep clean, put away the personal clutter, and throw a fresh, neutral paint color on the walls. Decluttering and painting can each add an average of $8,000 at resale, according to a recent HomeLight survey. If you’re selling for top dollar, you’re likely to make a profit on your house, which depending on how much you profit, you could owe capital gains tax. You can delay payment by reinvesting in another house, which kicks the tax down the road until you “realize” the gain. This is called a 1039 Exchange, and you should talk to your accountant about it before deciding to sell.

It was the smoothest transaction I’ve ever done, and I’ve done about 5 houses in my lifetime. You don’t have to spend on repairs or renovations to sell your house to us. “Traditional buyers who require financing can still be motivated and responsive within your tightened window.

These buyers enable you to usually sell the home as is—often for cash—removing the burden of costly home repairs. Just check out these tactics for selling your house fast if time is of the essence. These properties are typically in good condition and priced below what they’re worth to create competitive bidding. These metropolitan areas include Manchester, NH, the No. 1 metro on our list, which was named America’s hottest housing market 22 times over the past three years. The other Boston-area markets are Worcester, MA, at No. 4; Boston, at No. 5; and Springfield, MA, at No. 7. You might want some quick cash to move on from your situation, but it’s crucial that you do some research first.

They’ll likely have connections that could help you find the right buyer. When you begin reaching out to prospective agents, let them know what your ideal closing timeline is to see if it’s realistic and how they can help you meet it. If you or your tenant are occupying the property, ensure that you’re ready to move out as soon as possible. If you’re flexible on your move-out, you can offer the buyers a flexible move-in date. For a quick sale, choosing the right strategy in the City of Angels is crucial, be it listing on the MLS or selling for cash.

If you’re not able to sell you home in March or April, then May is also another considerable month to put your house on the market. If you’re on a tight selling deadline, it’s reasonable to have concerns over whether a real estate agent will work at a fast enough pace to sell your home. To give yourself the best shot at selling quickly, partner with an agent who has a track record of selling homes like yours quickly. For that, you can look at data for their average days on market (DOM) and their transaction history.

Chapter 7 Design Matrices Statistics for Genomics: Differential Expression

design matrices

Both methods can use either of the fitted models from the previous sections (mean-reference or means model), where individual group means and variability are accounted for. The first method uses a contrast matrix to compare the control group to the treatment average, and the second looks at the overlap between treatment-control comparisons. The law of chain stitch formation is an important basis for the design and optimization of the thread-hooking mechanisms. The study firstly analyzes the process of forming a double-line chain stitch by the mechanism looper with the straight needle of a facial suture (shown in Fig. 1) and proposes the requirements of the movement trajectory of the mechanism looper. First, straight needle 5 with facial suture 3 moves downward to pierce into fabric 1 and reaches the lowest point shown in Fig. 1a; then it moves upward to form a facial suture loop with fabric 1, and looper 4 penetrates the loop and hooks shown in Fig.

Evaluation of product conceptual design based on Pythagorean fuzzy set under big data environment Scientific Reports - Nature.com

Evaluation of product conceptual design based on Pythagorean fuzzy set under big data environment Scientific Reports.

Posted: Tue, 27 Dec 2022 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Model Matrices in R

According to the kinematics analysis of the thread-hooking mechanism, it is known that α0 only decides the spatial position of the trajectory of the looper tip, and R1 only affects the value of L. Therefore, the mechanism parameters α23, α30, L0, L1, L2, L3, S0, S3 and R1 affecting the shape of the trajectory are taken as the design variables. By using the direction cosine matrix method, a concise and accurate kinematic model of the spatial mechanism can be established.

Basic models

Thus, the parameters are used in 3D printing technology to verify the feasibility of the mechanism. The tip P of looper of the thread-hooking mechanism forms the spatial elliptical trajectory without motion interference shown in Fig. 2d, the following optimization objectives must be considered for optimizing the parameters of the thread-hooking mechanism. The determinant is a real-valued function of a squarematrix that, in some sense, measures the size of the matrix.

Alternative code for contrast matrices

We need toexponentiate the logarithm of the modulus to get back thedeterminant. With numeric vectors theall.equal function checks for "equality up to possible round-offerror". We now consider all cases where observation is either in the high, med or low category and estimate their respective ‘medv’ values using the model.

Figure 6.

In other words, theβs (or model parameters) are estimated as the mean of each level in the genotype factor, as depicted inFigure 1 as distinct solid lines. ThemakeContrast function simply creates the contrast of (-1, 1) which subtracts the first parameter estimate (mean expression of healthy) from the second parameter estimate (mean expression of sick). Using the parameter estimates estimated earlier (Figure 6), the contrast calculates -2.95 plus +4.57 which equals 1.62. In other words, we expect gene expression of sick mice to be upregulated by 1.62 units relative to healthy mice. Notice how this is the same value as the second parameter estimate in the mean-reference model (Figure 5), since that model is directly parameterised for the difference between sick and healthy mice. It is also reasonable to compute the difference in the opposite direction, by havinggroupHEALTHY-groupSICK as the first argument of themakeContrasts function.

Figure 5The interface of parameter analysis and optimization software. According to the mechanism identity condition, the rocker is split into a linkage chain and a floating chain; subsequently, the intermediate variables are eliminated to obtain the following equation (Zhang, 1985). Figure 2Schematic diagram of looper movement trajectory of the thread-hooking mechanism. (a) Main view; (b) left view; (c) top view; (d) three-dimensional view. "We're just so excited to be able to create opportunities for people that want to make a difference and want to commit their lives to make the world a better place," said Joseph W. Craft III, chairman, president and CEO of Alliance Resource Partners. He and other executive level highlighted the companies growth from 10 employees when they first started to now having hundreds due to growth and wanting to develop individuals skills.

design matrices

The data matrix M would be a 10×4 matrix (meaning 10 rows and 4 columns). The datum in row i and column j of this matrix would be the answer of the i th person to the j th question. While a23 is equal to 30°, it is unable to form a motion trajectory, and while the value is 90° the trajectory meets the requirements. 6b, α30 is positively correlated with the trajectory shape and influences it significantly.

You will be pleased later when you try to interpret a model if you take the time now to label the columns and document your thinking at the time you constructed the model. Using the first approach, we model the relationship between gene expression and thetreatment factor with a mean-reference model. The relative effect of treatment II is 1.97, and the relative effect of the combined treatment (previously referred to as treatment III) is 3.87. Notice thatwildtype andmutant “take turns” in taking on the 0 and 1 values. This is because the categorisation of samples as wildtype or mutant are mutually exclusive, where a sample cannot be both wildtype and mutant, or neither wildtype nor mutant. The model estimates expected gene expression asβ1 orβ2, whereβ1 is calculated as the mean of observed expression values in wildtype, andβ2 is calculated as the mean of observed expression values in mutant.

While the values of L0 and L1 increase, the trajectory shows a trend of narrowing and then gradually increasing. 6e, L2 is positively correlated with the trajectory shape, and the trajectory gradually becomes wider and longer while the value gradually increases. 6f, L3 has an obvious effect on the trajectory shape, and while the value of L3 increases, the trajectory becomes a shape with one wide end and one narrow end.

design matrices

Expected gene expression for wildtype is represented directly by the first model parameter,β1, and depicted as a solid line inFigure 1. Whilst the expected gene expression for mutant is calculated as the sum of both parameters, and represented by a dashed line in inFigure 1. Like the means model, the model demonstrated here is a regression model in itself.

The fifth column in the design matrix is parameterised for difference between lane L2 and lane L1 (for group A samples processed by technician I), and the sixth column is parameterised for the difference between technician II and I (for group A samples in lane L1). Although an intercept-free design matrix has been coded using the0+ notation, the intercept is only excluded from the first factor that is listed within themodel.matrix function. In other words, the second and third factors added to themodel.matrix function are parameterised as though there is an intercept term. This is why we place the factor of interest first as it simplifies the subsequent code for the comparisons of interest, even though a different order of factors added give equivalent models with variations in parameterisation. The Design Matrix allows additional constraints to be placed on the real parameter estimates through the definition of the beta parameters, or to specify individual covariates to be included in the model.

The deterioration of tissues may arise from a variety of origins, including physical injuries, diseases or the aging process. Despite notable progress in surgery and pharmacological therapies, the repair of damaged tissues remains a complex task with various obstacles. This has led to the rise of tissue engineering as a prospective strategy in the repair of damaged tissue resulting from either illness or injury. In particular, scaffolds made from the cartilage decellularized matrix (CDM) with bioactive components have attracted significant interest in this field. In this research, we employed a decellularization method and electrospun CDM with chitosan (CS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to produce optimal nanofibers. The solvent systems employed in the electrospinning process consisted of acetic acid (AA) and formic acid (FA) to address concerns related to toxicity and cost-effectiveness.

Orpheum Theatre

grand opera house

This whimsical show follows two great friends – the cheerful, popular Frog and the rather grumpy Toad – through four fun-filled seasons. The Grand seen in a detail from a 1907 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map overlaid on a 2007 satellite image of Main St. The bump offstage left was for dressing rooms and a prop room. Also see his Mainly Main poster set on Flickr for maps of the theatres on Main St. First opened in 1905, the Grand Opera House is a 1,030 seat performing arts center is available for performance rentals.

grand opera house

Company programs and features

However, following the action of Kenneth Jamison (director of the Arts Council of Northern Ireland) and Charles Brett (founder member of the Ulster Architectural Heritage Society and ACNI board member), the building was bought by the Arts Council of Northern Ireland and listed in 1974. The Permanent Secretary of the Department of Education, Arthur Brooke, lent his support to the project and his department provided the funding for extensive renovatation of the theatre. The theatre continued, however, to host musicals, plays, pantomimes and live music. Located at what is now Court and D streets, the opera house was built four years before Los Angeles had one of its own and was for many years perhaps the finest and most elaborate theater in Southern California. The opera house was built by mountain man-turned civic leader James W. Waters and his partner, Herman Brinkmeyer, as an investment in 1882. The beautiful red brick edifice with white facade topped by a golden eagle was known throughout the country for presenting top quality shows and concerts.

Box Office Hours

In the 60s a “modernization” project covered the beautiful red sandstone with tile and aluminum. A barbershop occupied a section of what is now the restored main lobby. And the popular Grand Grille next door, now a parking lot, became the offices of Dubuque Savings & Loan. As the modern “Cineplex” theaters opened on Dubuque’s west side the Grand began showing 2nd and 3rd run films for $1.00. After the Revolution, the new regime determined to privatize the previously state-run Opéra and the winner of the contract was a businessman who acknowledged that he knew nothing of music, Louis-Désiré Véron.

Concert organ

The most significant development, or transformation, of grand opera after the 1850s was its handling by Giuseppe Verdi, whose Les vêpres siciliennes (1855), proved to be more widely given in Italy and other Italian-language opera houses than in France. The taste for luxury and extravagance at the French theatre declined after the 1848 revolution, and new productions on the previous scale were not so commercially viable. The popular Faust (1859) by Charles Gounod started life as an opéra comique and did not become a grand opera until rewritten in the 1860s. Les Troyens by Hector Berlioz (composed 1856–1858, later revised), was not given a full performance until nearly a century after Berlioz had died, although portions had been staged before, but the spirit of this work is far removed from the bourgeois taste of the grand opera of the 1830s and 1840s.

Germany

An exploration of historic Los Angeles theatres including the grand movie palaces, neighborhood cinemas, and legitimate playhouses. Meyerbeer's only mature German opera, Ein Feldlager in Schlesien is in effect a Singspiel, although act 2 has some of the characteristics of grand opera, with a brief ballet and an elaborate march. The opera was eventually transformed by the composer to L'étoile du nord.

Mercer University Opera Presents “It's a Grand Night for Singing” Mercer Events - Mercer University

Mercer University Opera Presents “It's a Grand Night for Singing” Mercer Events.

Posted: Tue, 16 Apr 2024 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Joe Vogel's research indicates that noted Chicago theatre architect James M. Wood ( c.1907) probably also worked on the project. He's noted (as "Woods") in a July 8, 1888 Los Angeles Herald article as being involved in the theatre's renovation at that time. One of the world’s best-selling artists of all time, Tina Turner won 12 Grammy Awards and her live shows were seen by millions, with more concert tickets sold than any other solo performer in music history. The irrepressible comic strip heroine takes center stage in one of the world’s best-loved musicals. Originally called the New Grand Opera House and Cirque, it was renamed the Palace of Varieties in 1904, changing its name to the Grand Opera House in 1909. Charlie Chaplin performed there in 1908, and although Variety programmes dominated the pre-war years, entertainers as diverse as Nellie Melba, Sarah Bernhardt, Ralph Richardson and  Gracie Fields performed there regularly.

Grand Opera House (Wilmington, Delaware)

It became a repertory theatre during World War II and at the celebrations to mark the end of the war, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Alanbrooke attended gala performances at the theatre. Lena Horne performed here in the 1940s on her way to and from her travels to France. Other frequent and notable guests with the company have included Samuel Ramey, Violeta Urmana, Hildegard Behrens, Denyce Graves, Frederica von Stade, Sumi Jo, Deborah Voigt, James Morris, Rod Gilfry, Jennifer Larmore, Vyacheslav Polozov, Maria Ewing, Susan Graham and Ferruccio Furlanetto.

The company offers productions in the standard operatic repertory as well as new and rarely staged operas. In 2015, Los Angeles Opera presented a new production of The Ghosts of Versailles by John Corigliano, the first major U.S. staging of that opera in 20 years. In 2014, Renée Fleming starred in a production of André Previn's A Streetcar Named Desire. Christopher Koelsch[4] has been the president and chief executive officer of Los Angeles Opera since 2012. He previously held the position of senior vice president and chief operating officer since 2010, after serving as vice president for artistic planning. He is the first year-round resident of Los Angeles to lead Los Angeles Opera since 2007.

Broadway & Ballets Series

Despite being a well-accomplished architect at the time of design, Gehry found himself an unlikely candidate for the job when the Disney family was looking for the hall's designer. Even with the location of the Walt Disney Concert Hall set to be in his hometown of Los Angeles, California, Gehry, when discussing his thoughts at the time the architect was selected, said, "it was the least likely thing that I thought would ever happen to me in my life".[6] Gehry's opinion was supported by the representative of the Disney family. Gehry says he was told, "that under no circumstances would Walt Disney's name be on any buildings that I design".[6] Much of this doubt came from Gehry's reputation for relying on the use of cheap materials in his architecture that were used in unconventional ways.

The writing was on the wall for the grand ole opera house and its last day of operation came May 15, 1927. The beautiful edifice was torn down later that year when Court Street was extended from D Street through to the new courthouse on Arrowhead Avenue. Over the next decade, Maude Adams performed the role more than 1,500 times. One of those performances was at the San Bernardino Opera House on April 19, 1913. According to Sun columnist Earl E. Buie, in one of his “They Tell Me” columns in 1958, the Opera House’s seating capacity was between 1,200 and 1,400. He noted on the really big nights the house sold out days in advance.

As movies became more popular the Grand installed a “fly-in” screen in 1915 and began showing silent films with piano, theater organ or small orchestra accompaniment. In 1928 with live theater receipts diminishing and film revenues on the rise a decision was made to convert the Grand into a full time movie house. When The Merry Wives of Windsor closed on March 14, 1928 a major remodeling project began. The second balcony and glamorous box seats and stalls were removed. The fly space for scenery above the stage was closed off and the orchestra area covered over to make room for more seating.

Between 1838 and 1850, the Paris Opéra staged numerous grand operas of which the most notable were Halévy’s La reine de Chypre (1841) and Charles VI (1843), Donizetti's La favorite and Les martyrs (1840) and Dom Sébastien (1843, librettos by Scribe), and Meyerbeer's Le prophète (1849) (Scribe again). 1847 saw the premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's first opera for Paris, Jérusalem, an adaptation, meeting the grand opera conventions, of his earlier I Lombardi alla prima crociata. San Francisco Opera began presenting productions in Los Angeles in 1937 and continued to do so every fall until 1969.[6] The NYCO brought productions to Los Angeles every fall from 1966 to 1982. When the producers of No No Nanette decided to do a Midwest preview they selected Dubuque’s Grand Opera House. For several years the Grand Stock Company produced a new play every week.

During the 2001–2002 season, it mounted a production of Wagner's Lohengrin, directed by Austrian actor Maximilian Schell and a double bill of Bartók's Bluebeard's Castle and Puccini's Gianni Schicchi, directed by filmmaker William Friedkin. Garry Marshall directed his own adaptation of Jacques Offenbach's La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein in 2005. Friedkin returned to direct Richard Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos in 2004 and, in 2008, the first two parts of Puccini's Il trittico, Il tabarro and Suor Angelica, a production that also featured Woody Allen making his operatic debut staging Gianni Schicchi. Upon completion in 2003, the project cost an estimated $274 million; the parking garage alone cost $110 million.[7] The remainder of the total cost was paid by private donations, of which the Disney family's contribution was estimated at $84.5 million with another $25 million from The Walt Disney Company. By comparison, the three existing halls of the Music Center cost $35 million in the 1960s (about $330 million in 2021 dollars). Having made a fortune in his stewardship of the Opéra, Véron cannily handed on his concession to Henri Duponchel, who continued his winning formula, if not to such financial reward.

In 2014 a significant bequest from the estate of Ervin and Alice Hafeman allowed us to restore the orchestra area that had been closed off since 1928. Musicians now will perform on a level about 6 feet lower than the main floor auditorium, providing super acoustics for musicals and unobstructed sight for persons sitting in the first few rows of seats. Well, at least Kysor and Morgan were the architects of record. In "The Childs Opera House," a lengthy article describing the theatre in the May 25, 1884 issue of the Los Angeles Herald it's noted that the "designer" of the house was a Colonel A.M. Gray. Gray was also involved in the initial bookings of the theatre. The article can be viewed on the website of the California Digital Newspaper Collection.

Hence they lost pride of place at the Paris Opéra (especially when many of the original stage sets were lost in fire in the late 19th century). However, as late as 1917, the Gaîté-Lyrique devoted an entire season to the genre, including Halévy's La reine de Chypre. For production statistics of grand opera in Paris, see List of performances of French grand operas at the Paris Opéra. The company has also frequently turned to the cinema world for directors of its productions.

Saturday, April 27, 2024

San Bernardino Opera House drew big-name stars in early 1900s San Bernardino Sun

grand opera house

A legendary production of Ben Hur featured live horses and chariots on a treadmill. The Garden of Allah featured a large cast, an Arabian orchestra, plus camels, donkeys and a sandstorm created on stage. Italian operas with their own ballet started to become relatively common in the late 1860s and 1870s. Some of these, such as Il Guarany by the Brazilian composer Antônio Carlos Gomes were designated as "opera ballo" (i.e. 'danced opera'). Others, such as La Gioconda by Amilcare Ponchielli were not, although they qualified for the description.

Schools

Between 1838 and 1850, the Paris Opéra staged numerous grand operas of which the most notable were Halévy’s La reine de Chypre (1841) and Charles VI (1843), Donizetti's La favorite and Les martyrs (1840) and Dom Sébastien (1843, librettos by Scribe), and Meyerbeer's Le prophète (1849) (Scribe again). 1847 saw the premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's first opera for Paris, Jérusalem, an adaptation, meeting the grand opera conventions, of his earlier I Lombardi alla prima crociata. San Francisco Opera began presenting productions in Los Angeles in 1937 and continued to do so every fall until 1969.[6] The NYCO brought productions to Los Angeles every fall from 1966 to 1982. When the producers of No No Nanette decided to do a Midwest preview they selected Dubuque’s Grand Opera House. For several years the Grand Stock Company produced a new play every week.

Box office hours: 10 AM-4 PM, Monday-Friday

Houston Grand Opera’s New Intelligence Show Makes History - Houstonia Magazine

Houston Grand Opera’s New Intelligence Show Makes History.

Posted: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

In January 2012, LA Opera repaid half of the loan, with the balance repaid in December 2012. The NFL will have weapon detectors installed that attendees must walk through at the gates of the event, which will take place at Cadillac Square, Campus Martius, Hart Plaza and a portion of Woodward Avenue. The NFL has a clear bag policy to enter the draft area, Fulgenzi said. The City of Detroit is conducting six phases of road closures leading up the 2024 NFL draft and during it. If you're planning to attend, though, you will need to register using the NFL OnePass app or online through the website. In 1973, management was turned over to a non-profit organization and the building underwent extensive restoration, which was completed in 1976.

grand opera house

Shows & Events

With the Walt Disney Concert Hall being a project that demanded a high budget and an elegant style, Gehry did not seem like the right candidate for the job. However, Gehry's determination landed him the job of designing the hall, as he produced a design that caught the eye of Walt Disney's widow, Lilian.[6] His design included some of the elements of the deconstructivist architecture that he was known for, while still producing an elegant structure. Paris at the turn of the 19th century drew in many composers, both French and foreign, especially those of opera. Several Italians working during this period, including Luigi Cherubini, demonstrated that the use of recitative was suited for the powerful dramas that were being written. Others, such as Gaspare Spontini, wrote works to glorify Napoleon.

grand opera house

If you're traveling to Detroit for the draft, here's a guide to make your draft experience easy and unforgettable. Information on registration, parking, travel, street closings, and draft day activities are all below. The 2024 NFL draft is in downtown Detroit this Thursday through Saturday. Hundreds of thousands of people are expected to be there, with fans of all 32 teams looking to celebrate their teams' draft picks near the stage at Campus Martius and checking out the NFL Fan Experience at Hart Plaza. National companies on tour introduced both grand and light opera performances.

Trending Nationally

The writing was on the wall for the grand ole opera house and its last day of operation came May 15, 1927. The beautiful edifice was torn down later that year when Court Street was extended from D Street through to the new courthouse on Arrowhead Avenue. Over the next decade, Maude Adams performed the role more than 1,500 times. One of those performances was at the San Bernardino Opera House on April 19, 1913. According to Sun columnist Earl E. Buie, in one of his “They Tell Me” columns in 1958, the Opera House’s seating capacity was between 1,200 and 1,400. He noted on the really big nights the house sold out days in advance.

San Bernardino Opera House drew big-name stars in early 1900s

The architectural firm of Straka – Johnson was hired to design and supervise the restoration. Donations large and small came from hundreds of area residents, companies and corporations. Major contributions were pledged by John & Alice Butler, the Falb Family Foundation, the Woodward Foundation and others. Theater historians say during that “Golden Era” Dubuque saw more big shows than any other city of comparable size in America. Between 1890 and 1928 the Grand hosted more than 2,600 live performances. Arnold Lobel’s treasured characters hop from page to stage in a story of friendship and adventure.

Judge delays decision on whether arrest of San Bernardino County sheriff’s deputy was warranted

The Greatest Love of All: A Tribute to Whitney Houston starring Belinda Davids Mercer Events - Mercer University

The Greatest Love of All: A Tribute to Whitney Houston starring Belinda Davids Mercer Events.

Posted: Fri, 19 Jan 2024 08:00:00 GMT [source]

The city has a streetcar, an elevated rail system, bike share, and bus system to get you where you need to go. Registering for the event only guarantees you the NFL draft footprint in downtown Detroit. The 2024 NFL draft is in Detroit, spanning from Campus Martius to Hart Plaza in downtown with additional events in Beacon Park, Capitol Park, Grand Circus Park, Harmonie Park, and along Woodward Avenue.

The Los Angeles Opera is an American opera company in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth-largest opera company in the United States.[1] The company's home base is the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, part of the Los Angeles Music Center. Detroit is a city rich with museums, restaurants and activities throughout. If you're interested in exploring the area outside of the draft, you can go to the Motown Museum, the Michigan Science Center, check out golf-rich southeast Michigan, and even catch a Detroit Tigers game on April 26, 27 or 28 when they host the Kansas City Royals. Use the NFL OnePass app to find more on what's planned and when throughout the NFL draft blueprint. You can pay for metered parking through Park Detroit's website or app.

However, he soon showed himself extremely shrewd at discerning public taste by investing heavily in the grand opera formula. His first new production was a work long contracted from Meyerbeer, whose premiere had been delayed by the Revolution. As Berlioz commented, Meyerbeer had "not only the luck to be talented, but the talent to be lucky."[5] Meyerbeer's new opera Robert le diable chimed well with the liberal sentiments of 1830s France. Moreover, its potent mixture of melodrama, spectacle, titillation (including a ballet of the ghosts of debauched nuns), and dramatic arias and choruses went down extremely well with the new leaders of taste, the affluent bourgeoisie. The Walt Disney Concert Hall was designed by world-renowned architect Frank Gehry.

Longtime San Bernardino resident Janet Miles, who died in 2008 at age 107, recalled in her memoirs (published by the San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society in 1994) there were box seats on the north and south walls with red velvet curtains at the rear. Birdie Bohan and Edith Ulrich were the pianists, Ernest De Soto, the violinist, and Mr. Parsons played the drums. As 21st century audiences enjoy this beautiful theater it is a living tribute to the heritage and traditions of past generations of actors, musicians, choreographers, costumers, stage hands, set designers, managers and the visionary leaders of 1890 who created Dubuque’s Grand Opera House.

An exploration of historic Los Angeles theatres including the grand movie palaces, neighborhood cinemas, and legitimate playhouses. Meyerbeer's only mature German opera, Ein Feldlager in Schlesien is in effect a Singspiel, although act 2 has some of the characteristics of grand opera, with a brief ballet and an elaborate march. The opera was eventually transformed by the composer to L'étoile du nord.

Tuesday, April 2, 2024

10 of the Best Mediterranean Cruises for Every Type of Traveler

royal caribbean mediterranean cruise

The trip includes stops in Italy (including Venice, Sicily, Amalfi, and Rome), Greece (including Katakolon, Souda, and Mykonos), Albania, and Malta (including Valletta and Mgarr). When not exploring at port, make sure to take advantage of the ship’s luxurious spa, which comes with the bonus of the soft rocking of the waves to lull you into tranquility. The cruise line prides itself on its low guest-to-crew member ratio, ensuring your every need is easily met.

MEDITERRANEAN CRUISES

Most of those are European-based lines, such as Costa Cruises, MSC Cruises and Celestyal Cruises, but Viking also braves chilly weather for its destination-focused itineraries in Europe. However, for vacationers who want all the attractions without the hassle, a cruise is an ideal way to explore the Mediterranean. This type of European cruise can be especially alluring to honeymooners, families and older couples. As you can see, the price difference between spring and summer can be either drastic or only slightly different.

Royal Caribbean International Mediterranean Cruises

Make your way through five counties (Italy, Egypt, Israel, Cyprus, and Greece) on this more than two-week adventure. The voyage highlights destinations ruled by famed pharaohs, kings, and emperors and emphasizes the region’s spectacular history. Shore excursion options include exploring the ruins of Pompeii, seeing the biblical destinations of Nazareth and Galilee, and simply soaking in the ambiance of Capri for an entire day.

royal caribbean mediterranean cruise

Save Big With These Greece And Greek Isles Cruise Deals

Royal Caribbean will often have an excursion option that solely provides transport to and from the port to the center of the city. This is a great option for those who want the ease of Royal Caribbean transport to and from a destination but want to explore the city without a guided tour. As you’re planning a Mediterranean cruise, you may notice that, while cities like Rome and Florence are listed on the itinerary, the cruise technically docks in Civitavecchia or Livorno, Italy. While you will have no difficulty finding a wealth of fish and seafood on the islands, the history of trade on the islands create amazing international cuisine.

Tour some of the architectural masterpieces, like the Palace of Knossos on Crete, the Roman amphitheatre in Pula and Rome's St Peter's Basilica. Take in the stunning, volcanic island of Santorini with its blue and whitewashed towns or sip a glass of wine on Italy's Amalfi Coast with its pastel-coloured houses built into steep-sloping cliffs. The Mediterranean is an amazing region to cruise, and a sailing there is a wonderful introduction to Europe for travelers who have never been. The varied choices of itineraries, cruise lines and ships can be intimidating, but rest assured, you can't really go wrong with any of them.

We Make Vacation Planning Easy

If you’ve never been to the Mediterranean before, picking an itinerary that includes the most popular cities in the region (Rome, Florence, Barcelona, etc.) can be a great choice. If you’ve visited those cities before, though, choosing an itinerary that visits smaller cities in the Mediterranean might be your best bet. Deciding which itinerary and ship to choose from as well as what to do in port, however, can be overwhelming for those who have never cruised to Europe. With some of the world’s most historic and breathtaking scenery, monuments, and cultures, going on a cruise to the Mediterranean allows you to experience multiple locations in a short amount of time. A Mediterranean cruise is one of Royal Caribbean’s most popular European cruise destinations, with the Western Mediterranean often a starting point for first time cruisers to Europe.

Italian Architecture Italy Tours

You only need to be back at the designated shuttle bus or location at the allocated time in order to make it back to the ship. If you are more interested in visiting unique ports even if it means sailing on a smaller ship, consider sailing on a Vision or Radiance Class ship to the Mediterranean. Santorini is known for one-day yacht tours that give you a unique view of the island and its neighbors. The largest of the Greek islands, Crete is both a beach paradise and home to some of the country's premier archaeological finds and attractions. Of course, North Americans taking Mediterranean cruise vacations will need a passport to fly to and from their ship's departure and arrival ports. The following cruise ports are generally standouts, no matter your travel style.

This 22-day trip tracks its way through 20 ports via five countries, including Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, and Turkey. Walk the cobblestone streets on the Greek Islands, see the colorful coastline in Marmaris, admire the glittering lights from the homes that snake their way up Lovćen Mountain, and more. Onboard, dine in one of the ship’s eight restaurants, take a dip in the top deck pool, or lounge in a common space to regale your fellow guests about the day’s adventure. The cruise line offers all-inclusive options, making it easy to relax onboard and just enjoy the ride.

After 10 cruises, here's what I love and hated about sailing with Royal Caribbean and MSC Cruises - Cruise Blog

After 10 cruises, here's what I love and hated about sailing with Royal Caribbean and MSC Cruises.

Posted: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Related Cruises

There's more to a European cruise vacation than just packing your bags! Plan the perfect trip on your travel getaway to visit the best places in Europe. Take your best European vacation with access to the top underrated travel destinations to visit when taking a vacation in Europe.

Luckily, most languages spoken in the Western Mediterranean share many similarities with each other and are relatively easy to pick up as an English speaker. These self-guided excursions with transport are often named “[Destination city] on Your Own” in the Cruise Planner. Choosing which itinerary to book for a Western Mediterranean cruise comes down to your preference, budget, and ship choice. Your choices are endless when it comes to fresh seafood prepared according to local tradition.

Here's a list of some of the best Israeli food found in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa and beyond including sabich, shakshuka and bourekas. This thrill-seekers guide will show you where to get the ultimate adrenaline fix on European vacations. Cruises from Venice can be a gateway to discovery — and not just of the places you sail to. And your name-brand favorites most likely come under a different name and strength than you’re used to. For your long Mediterranean trip, make sure you bring along all of your essential medication. Since daytime temperatures can still rise to the 70s, having layers to wear on top of T-shirts and blouses is your best bet.

Some of the most common ports visited are Civitavecchia (Rome), Livorno (Pisa), Villefranche (Nice), Provence (Marseille), Naples/Capri, and Barcelona. Get in touch with traditional customs and soak in the Mediterranean waves on the sun-soaked Greek Isles onboard the best Greece and Greek Isles cruises. Discover imaginative architecture, impressive Spanish dishes and beautiful excursions into nature when you cruise to Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia. Just like the ship you book, the month you cruise in the Mediterranean can have an impact on the overall cost of your cruise. In fact, a cruise in May can be several hundred dollars cheaper per person than a cruise in July or August. Here are some Rome vacation must-sees and tips on how to navigate travel when arriving or departing via cruise through Civitavecchia.

Nice jeans, sundresses, jumpsuits, and blouses tend to fit in more with the style found in Europe compared to the casual outfits of a Caribbean cruise. From a morning espresso and pastry at a local cafe to a sit-down lunch in the city center, trying local cuisine will definitely be a highlight of a Mediterranean cruise. In fact, part of the fun on a Mediterranean cruise is simply wandering around the destinations you visit.

In Rome, you can visit Vatican City or the Colosseum before heading to the Trastevere neighborhood to dine on rich pasta dishes. A visit to Florence will bring you face to face with the Duomo, a stunningly beautiful burnt orange dome on top of a church. A quick ride from there will bring you to the Tuscan hills where you can sip on some of the best wines in the world, in true Italian fashion.

Though there’s plenty to do onboard too, including wine tastings, guest lectures, and fun-filled trivia nights with fellow guests. The trip takes guests to seven countries, including Spain, Greece, Montenegro, Croatia, Italy, Monaco, and France, with stops in both major and smaller ports. Guests can also book pre- and post-trip stays in ports of call if they aren’t ready to go home after three weeks on the water. Experience the journey of a lifetime on a 12-night cruise on Odyssey of the Seas℠. Explore the stunning landscapes and rich history of Greece, Turkey, and Italy.

Outdoor Cat Shelter Options Insulated & Heated Feral Cat House Ideas

Table Of Content Catio Spaces! Fit-to-Size Cat Shelter How we selected the best outdoor cat houses Ninnemann helped us better understand...